Where’s Wildlife · Mammal Field Guide
Sciurus niger
Pronounced (approx.): SKY-ur-us NY-jer
A large tree squirrel often seen searching the ground beneath mature trees.
Fox Squirrel. Select the image to browse all 7 photographs.
NATIVE TO NORTH AMERICA
Large, sturdy tree squirrel
Long, bushy tail
Often rusty-orange underparts in the Midwest
Compare views, markings and body shapes in the photographs below.
Fox Squirrels are large, sturdy squirrels with full tails. In the Midwest, the back is commonly gray-brown while the belly, feet and tail show rusty or orange tones. Color varies substantially across the species’ range.
Compared with an Eastern Gray Squirrel, a Fox Squirrel generally looks larger and heavier. Orange underparts are a useful regional clue, but they are not universal. Dark and other color forms make body proportions and location especially helpful.
These squirrels use open woodland, wooded field edges and parks with mature trees. Nuts and seeds are important foods, supplemented by fruits and other available items. They spend considerable time on the ground and store food for later use.
Fox Squirrels are mostly active during daylight and do not hibernate. Tree cavities and leafy nests provide shelter. Females care for their young in the nest, where the youngsters develop before venturing into the branches.
Coat patterns differ across the range.
Look beneath nut-producing trees as well as overhead.
Stored food helps support winter activity.
Fox Squirrels occur through much of the eastern and central United States, with introduced populations farther west. Local habitat and regional color variation are important when comparing photographs from different places.
Explore reported sightings on iNaturalist. Observation records are not a complete range map.
Explore a related illustrated nature poster from the Where’s Wildlife store.
