Where’s Wildlife · Bird Field Guide

Common Loon

Gavia immer

Pronounced (approx.): GAY-vee-uh IM-er

A powerful diving bird with a dagger-shaped bill and a dramatic checkered back in breeding plumage. [1]

Select the main image to browse all 11 photographs.

NATIVE TO NORTH AMERICA

At a Glance

Family
Gaviidae · loons
Size
Large diving waterbird
Habitat
Lakes during breeding; coastal waters and large inland waters outside breeding
Food
Mostly fish and other aquatic prey
Nesting
Low nest immediately beside water

Compare several field marks together. [1] [2]

Three identification clues

01 · FIELD MARK

Breeding adults have a dark head and bold black-and-white neck markings. [1]

02 · FIELD MARK

The stout, straight bill projects from a heavy head. [1]

03 · FIELD MARK

The long body often rides low in the water; winter birds are much plainer. [1]

Finding Common Loon

Scan quiet lakes for a low-floating bird that repeatedly disappears beneath the surface. Leave space around pairs and chicks. [1]

Use the range map for seasonal context and the observation map to explore reported sightings near you.

Learn the songs and calls

Listen for rhythm and tone, then compare what you hear with the bird’s appearance and habitat.

Common look-alikes

Common Mergansers have slimmer, often reddish bills. Other loons can be similar, so compare bill size, head shape, and seasonal plumage. [1]

Field Photographs

Photographs © Where’s Wildlife. Select any image to open the gallery.

How this bird lives

Loons chase aquatic prey underwater. Their legs sit far back on the body, helping with swimming but making travel on land awkward. Nest sites are close to the water so adults can enter and leave readily. [2]

A closer look at Common Loon

Built to dive

Underwater pursuit is central to a loon’s feeding strategy. [2]

Seasonal makeover

The bold summer pattern becomes a plain gray-and-white winter plumage. [2]

Water access

The placement of the legs helps explain why nests are built right at the water’s edge. [2]

Range & Sightings

Explore reported observations and photographs on iNaturalist. Zoom to your area and use date filters to investigate seasonal sightings.

Reported sightings are not a complete range map. A lack of records does not necessarily mean the species is absent.

Keep Learning

Choose a photograph and name three clues you can see. Compare another view to learn how angle, age, season, and lighting change the bird’s appearance.

Sources & Further Reading

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